Strategic E Business Initiative For Adopting Cloud Computing

DEN Networks is one of the leading cable TV service providers in India. The services offered by the company includes analogue and digital cable TV and broadband services. The main vision of the company is to be the best in the country in terms of customer service and experience. As part of this vision the company has transformed itself to a consumer centric organization with a B2C business model. This report proposes a strategic E-business initiative to adopt cloud computing to host the IT infrastructure of the company. The enterprises today are facing the pressures to consolidate their IT infrastructure and at the same time improve the business agility. Also with the dynamic business environments there is a constant need to innovate to higher standards. Cloud computing is the way forward to a convenient and dynamic shared pool of customisable computing resources. It delivers rapid results with minimal provisioning. The report list out the various tangible and intangible benefits of implementing cloud. It also looks at the risks of implementing the cloud and measures to mitigate these risks. An implementation roadmap to transition to the cloud is outlined. The timeline is estimated based on implementations done by other enterprises. To further reiterate the significance of the proposal, the case study of implementing cloud by Dish TV is presented. Dish TV has benefited immensely by this initiative. DEN Networks having the same line of business and similar organizationShow MoreRelatedChallenges Facing Virginia Rometty And Ibm1070 Words   |  5 Pagesadvantage. With advances in technology, other companies have been able to offer solutions that are much more affordable. The introduction of cloud-based software solutions has caused major disruptions to the client’s core business. 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Social Penetration Theory Of Interpersonal Relationships

The social penetration theory and cost-benefit theory are applicable to most interpersonal relationships and valuable to the field of communication studies. While they are simple in concept, analyzing the way a relationship functions according to these theories is intriguing in its own right. Both theories describe interpersonal communication tendencies in a variety of settings. In the case of one of my own relationships, the social penetration theory and cost-benefit theory help explain how the relationship developed and why it did not survive the transition to college. The social penetration theory describes how relationships vary over time and explains the varying strengths of interpersonal relationships. This theory, developed by†¦show more content†¦However, when relationships wane, the amount one is willing to self-disclose diminishes. On the other hand, the communication privacy management theory, or the â€Å"establishment of boundaries and borders that [one] decide [s] others may or may not cross† is intrinsically linked to the social penetration theory (p. 179). Privacy describes the limits one places on what they will self-disclose to others. When people decides to self-disclose, they â€Å"compute a ‘mental calculus† to gauge the trustworthiness and risks of self-disclosure, and then they choose accordingly (p. 179). However, boundary turbulence can occur when the members of a relationship cannot decide on what information should remain confidential. This tension can dissolve a relationship. If the trust of the self-discloser is violated, then they are less likely to disclose again. If a member of a relationship is not willing to self-disclose, then relationship termination is probable. Where breadth and depth influence the impact and value of a relationship, self-disclosure and privacy needs impact a relationship’s breadth and depth (Gamble Gamble, 2013). The cost-benefit theory, also known as the social exchange theory, describes the viability of relationships in terms of gain and loss. If a relationship is considered valuable and beneficial, we maintain it. Emotional support, improved self-image, security,Show MoreRelatedSocial Penetration Theory And The Theory981 Words   |  4 Pages Social Penetration Theory Yunsik Jung Western Kentucky University Abstract Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor originally created the Social Penetration Theory and the theory deals with the ways in which relationships develop and progress. It explains how communication enriches the relationship of two or more individuals. 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I Ate a Toy Truck free essay sample

He’s still there. I have had someone following me for ten years. Every time I look over my shoulder, he isn’t far behind. The more I learn more about him, the scarier he looks and the more uncomfortable I feel around him. As I age, he ages, too. I can see the maturity in his face. Is it maturity? No, it’s that fake kind where the person tries to convince you they are mature by getting piercings and tattoos. He wreaks of cigarette smoke and dirty laundry. He always wears a snarl on his face that makes me want to not even look at him. If I do, I just sneak small peeks so I can try to describe him to a trusted friend. I wouldn’t want him following someone else, so I try to keep the details I see to myself. However, beneath this rough, intimidating, and repulsive outward appearance, he still has a piece of innocence in him. We will write a custom essay sample on I Ate a Toy Truck or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over the ten years, I have actually been trying to find a small piece of innocence that coincidentally left me at the same time that I first felt his presence. The memory is a bit foggy, but I can still remember the first time I saw him. I was at my aunt’s apartment because I had the day off from school, and my parents both had work. I was engrossed in a book while the chatter of cable TV passed over me. My aunt was either cleaning her bedroom, taking a shower, or doing laundry; I was always a good kid, so she didn’t have to worry about me getting into trouble. My cousins are Irish twins, both roughly five years older than I am. To my knowledge, they were playing with G.I. Joe’s in their bedroom. I much preferred reading my books over playing with their â€Å"boy† toys. I was in the middle of a chapter when I heard one of them call me into their room. â€Å"We’re gonna play a game.† Ooh, a game! â€Å"You’ll go into the closet, close your eyes, and open your mouth. Then, we’ll put something in it.† Maybe it’ll be a toy truck? I love to guess, and my naive, simple second-grader mind’s first thought was a toy truck. I did what I was told and stepped into the darkness. One last rule to the game was given to me before the door shut: â€Å"Oh, and don’t bite down!† I don’t know exactly how long I stood in there. Long enough for me to question how fun this game actually was. Of course, something had been in my mouth the entire time, but I didn’t know what it was. I did know, however, that it was definitely not the hard plastic of a toy truck. This is where the fog is heaviest—I can’t remember what exactly made me freak out and run out of the closet. But as I did, I heard the laughter of two thirteen-year-old boys. I ran to the bathroom and gathered water into my mouth like I hadn’t tasted it in years. As I finished rinsing out my mouth, I looked into the mirror, and that’s when I first saw him. He wasn’t as scary then as he is now. He looked like a man who knew success in his life, but he was just a little dirty. His hair was a little tousled, and he looked like he could use a coffee. His face wasn’t mean, but still had some authority to it. He followed me around for the rest of the day, b ut when I woke up the next morning he was gone. And so was this memory. It was several years until I saw him again. I was walking with my friends from the playground to the school building at the end of recess. We were almost to the door when I caught him from the corner of my eye. I jumped when I first saw him, but I couldn’t place where I knew him from. He was so familiar to me, but where had I seen him before? Soon, the foggy pieces of the memory started coming together, and the first piece was the reflection of him in the mirror. Because I was not exposed to a lot of popular culture and was not a rebellious child—and because I was a child—it took a decade to fully understand why this man was following me. After the flashback in fifth grade, I knew something wrong was done to me, but I didn’t understand the magnitude of it until my junior year of high school. It wasn’t until today, the middle of my second semester of my first year in college, that I started demanding answers from the man who has been following me for a decade. I balled up the courage to look him directly in the eyes and express my distresses and confusion. Why are you still here? Why can I not look at you? Why do you make me so uncomfortable? why? Why? WHY? No one in my family knows about what happened ten years ago, so life has gone on normally. Whenever we had family gatherings, big or small, the man seemed to get a little closer to me. The older cousin has become known as someone who is kind and helps out our family when he can. Because I see this goodness in him, too, I coped with the memory by telling myself that what they did was something stupid thirteen-year-old boys do. They didn’t know better and were just playing a joke. There are people who believe that â€Å"boys will be boys,† and we should just accept their vile behavior and move on. T hey believe we can not change the nature of male behavior. However, I don’t believe in the idea that â€Å"boys will be boys,† so am I contradicting myself? I understand both sides because I have lived both sides. I have seen my cousin grow into a nice, young man. It is possible to come back from a mistake, and people make plenty of mistakes. I love my cousin, and I can forgive him his stupid action. However, that doesn’t mean I am taking the wrongness and violation away from what happened. When you say that â€Å"boys will be boys,† you take away their accountability. This brings shame, guilt, and embarrassment to the victim when it wasn’t their mistake. This way of thinking takes away the fact that we are all human and we all make mistakes, but there are still consequences for those mistakes. I grew up in a time where such behavior was not a common topic of discussion. Only recently have sexual assault and rape started to be brought into light in a mainstream way. When trying to process my experience, I had no way of knowing that what happened to me was not my fault. I felt embarrassed and ashamed for a long time. When I started learning about sexual assault in high school, it generated strong feelings towards the accountability of perpetrators; but I still did not give myself the permission to absolve myself of the consequences. At that point, I had already distanced myself from what happened. But the distance didn’t rid me of the ramifications the experience had on me. There are many women, girls, men, and boys who do as I did. They try to shove the experience into the farthest corner and lock it up because they are ashamed of it and don’t want to think about it. We shouldn’t live in a world where people who did not consent to these experiences fee l the need to lock away the memory and pretend it doesn’t exist because they don’t think they can be helped. Of course, they will still be affected by these experiences, but they should not hold the burden of someone else’s consequences. We can not pretend that we do not see the man following us. Not acknowledging that he is there makes him grow scarier and more powerful. However, putting accountability to the reason why I first met him has seemed to release that innocence that was hidden in him. It radiated out and it seems to have allowed him to become humble. The man that has been following me now looks like he is cleaning himself up. His face is starting to relax into what I’m tempted to call a pleasant look. He’s started taking some piercings out, and I think he even got a haircut. We’re not friends, and we never will be. But I do acknowledge him with a little nod now and then.

Through the Tunnel free essay sample

Response to literature essay The satisfaction for ones self? Or the satisfaction of others recognizing? The short story â€Å"Through the Tunnel†, written by Dorris Lessing, tells us about a boy named Jerry who craves the satisfaction of acceptance. Although, he realizes his self-satisfaction is enough praise. Lessing’s purpose for writing this story is for readers to understand that sometimes you don’t need to have other recognize your achievements to feel good. That the internal feeling of triumph should be enough for you to feel like you have reached your goal. For example, Jerry, the main character first wants to be like the other boys swimming in the bay, he wants to be able to hang out with them. He soon finds out that all of the boys were swimming through a tunnel in a rock under the water. Jerry thinks that if he can pass through the tunnel, that the boys will accept him as â€Å"one of their own†. We will write a custom essay sample on Through the Tunnel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually after passing through the tunnel, Jerry no longer wants to be accepted by the boys, he felt as if his self-accomplishment of passing through that tunnel, was more than enough. We learn that Jerry is very persistent; he set his mind to passing through that tunnel, and didn’t stop trying until he did it. From the time Jerry entered, to the time Jerry exited the tunnel, his thought process changed, no longer did he crave for the boys acceptance. It became a self-goal for Jerry. To apply a simple theme such as, your own self-triumph is all that should matter when completing something important to you, to life, is simple. People crave the approval of others to recognize their glory. When really it is as simple as just setting a goal for you, and completing it, then feeling confident enough not to tell anyone. Just the internal feeling of accomplishment is enough for you to be satisfied. Jerry wanted so badly for the boys to accept him as one of their own. After he completes his goal, he realizes that he does not want that anymore. Lessing reveals her message to the readers through that. With Lessing’s imagery, it gives you a very good idea of what was going on with Jerry physically and emotionally, or mentally. When Jerry first enters the tunnel, Lessing makes it seem as if this will be such an easy task for Jerry, like he will be in and out of the tunnel as the other boys had. The more Jerry swam through the tunnel, the more Lessing’s imagery gave you the impression that Jerry would not make it out of the tunnel.

The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Example

The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Bakery organisation is one of the most successful bakeries cross the nations. It has experienced considerably growth from the local market transit to internationally. Additionally, the unreliable external environment, technology implementation, strategy flexibility and also the company size expansion are the four crucial elements that definitely influence the company’s structure formulation. ABC Bakery company mission statement: Value your every life is value ours.It has built on our commitment to provide the possible highest quality of baked goods to the customer, and continuously inspire a culture of trust and satisfaction in the workplace. People is the key of our company both our customers and employees. On the one hand, our first responsibility is to value customers. The company cater to our customer in a quite professional manner by proving a high quality goods and service with a competitive price, simultaneously obtaining and holding their respect and loyalty so that ac hieving sufficient profits for its future growth.On the other hand, we are gaining a deep responsibility to our employees. Our company is continuously seeking to hire the best possible employees and provide opportunity to develop their potentials. In the meanwhile, we are committed to maintain a safe work environment for all those employed. The following specific tasks will further explain how the company attempt to complete the accomplished mission. Firstly of all, a comprehensive research is the primary step for the ABC Bakery Company. The external environment plays a vital role at the first stage.For example, populations of the particular area, people’s preferences of bread taste and the competitor around those areas. The business should be adaptive and innovative among the intense competitors. In addition, production design and custom service is another important task. Environmental friendly structure design which concentrate on investigating ways to reduce plastic conten t and trial more sustainable materials within our bakeries. The following ABC Bakery company chart 1 will illustrate a specific task for each department which is responsible for a certain outcome.At the first stage, there are 5 department of the company. The Accounting department is responsible for the total quality of outputs and inputs and providing the accurate number of gains and loss. The marketing manager is in charge to make sure the company’s advertising and the recent tend of the bakery field. Besides this, HR is taken charge to attract the most talents to work for the company. Additionally, the responsibility of sales and operation department is to providing the possible highest quality services and goods to meet the customers’ needs. After three years operation, our company has been quite successful.As a result, I would like to open up the second bakery shop where is located just a few miles away from the current one. Because of the location advantage, the c ompany is utilising the cost-effective strategy and acquire the economic of scale to reduce the possible cost. It is a quite vertical structure design for efficiency and centralised authority. For instance, the second location is responsible for providing the final goods for customers. The first location is in charge for all the producing process and also responsible for sales. The two companies sharing the equipments to manufacturing the goods that is definitely bring efficiency.However, it still has problems. The company structure design for efficiency is operating well, but this would prevent the company from innovation. It is widely accepted that the external environment is change rapidly and competition of bakery industry is quite strong (Stahi Grigsby, 2007). The customer is seems like to seek more various favours of the bakery products. The performance of the second location is going down after opening for a period of time. The goods quality is still maintain quite well but the company can not meets the changing needs of customers.Moreover, the second locations employees have rarely communication with the other staff of the first shop. When the company undergone a poor performance, the employees form different locations start to complain with each other. As a result, the employees’ performance declines as well. For the sake of satisfy both the customers and employees needs, the company decided to purchase brand new equipment for the second location and change the vertical organisation structure to a more flexible one and more concentrate on learning. Additionally, the employees are at a change routine process.All the staff requite work to different locations depended on the working shift. It would assist employees get along well with each other from different locations. The business has grown to five locations in two cities in five more years. Different locations have influenced the structure formalisation and the external environment uncertaint y would be another changeling for the company. In order to maintain a good control and coordination with the different branch, the company applied a quite flexible management coordination structure but a relatively centralised operational decision making structure.However, the different location across two cities may have quite dissimilar taste of customers. The five branches should preserve a high quality of the goods and service to the customers and in the mean while offering more various or new products due to the local preference. On the other hand, each branch should have its own supply channel to achieve efficiency. Based on the Woodward Classification of System Production theory, the company would apply the small batch and unit policy which focus on customised products (Daft, 2009).Moreover, it applies a flexible manufacturing technology which aligned the structure with technologies. The advanced production equipment might be used to improve the efficiency. The business has e xpanded into five states with seventy-five locations 20 years later. The extent market brings profits but also changelings. Obviously, the totally different culture of the 5 states requires the business must obtain a quite flexible structure to be adapted with the local culture. The different language, people preferences are the main problems for the business. The bigger size equals more complexity.The organisation must do a quite lot of research of the local culture and the competitors around the new environment. On the other hand, maintaining an accurate and frequent feedback of each state performance is another challenge. Due to the long distance of the business location, the communication of each location seems like quite difficult. However, in order to keep in touch with the each business, the company sets up roles that every month each location’s supervisor should provide a detailed report about the company performance to the head office supervisor. In this way, every l ocation is maintaining a touch with the performance.On the other hand, the head office might send people to supervise different locations performance and recall them back to give a report about the sales performance of each location. The customer satisfaction is about everything. The mission of the bakery company is to provide the possible highest quality to satisfy customer’s needs. In order to obtain a quite rapidly feedback from customers, every location should open up a formal customer service department which aims to concentrate on customers’ satisfactions or any positive suggestions and negative feedback for the company further development.In addition, the ABC Bakery implemented a 360 degree feedback information flow among each company. The strategy is focused on a quite flat and open system and every one in the company is equal and should contribute their efforts to improve the company performance. Culture is representing a company’s soul. Although the bu siness is expanded to 5 states but the head office of the ABC bakery culture must remain the same. Each state president must deliver the main office culture value so that solidify the whole organisation’s spirit. Due to the culture different in each state, various products may cater to different locations.But one thing is not change is the company’s culture. Providing the possible highest quality to the customers and in the meanwhile satisfy our employees in the most content. Social responsibility is other significant element to maintain the organisation has a healthy development (Hanson, 2008). Environmental friendly strategy must keep in mind of the company. Our bakery company are striving to establish the most effective way to recycle. Take for an example, our company working with local suppliers, local government and local councils.Moreover, our company are investigating measures to reduce content and trail more sustainable materials within our bakeries. On the oth er hand, our company constantly ensure to reduce excess packing and refine our packaging to be more environmental friendly. To sum up, there is no denying that ABC Bakery is operating quite successfully during these periods. Our mission is to value and satisfy the external customers and internal employees. As the company experienced an expansion to the markets, it has undergone certain challenging and issues. Opportunity is coupled with risks.Additionally, the company alter its structure due to the external environment change and implement the different strategy as a result of its structure change. Efficiency or effectiveness is the primary concern and simultaneously maintain a flexible coordination strategy is another essential element for success between the various business locations. On the other hand, a deep culture understanding plays a crucial role though out the whole organisation management. The strategy implementation should be aim at environmental friendly which would ass ist the company obtain a sustainable development.

Corporate Development During the Industrial Revolu Essays

Corporate Development During the Industrial Revolu Essays Corporate Development During the Industrial Revolution The Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller and the U.S. Steel Company founded by Andrew Carnegie. The Standard Oil Company and U.S. Steel Company were made successful in different ways due to the actions of their different owners. The companies differed in their labor relations, market control, and structural organization. In the steel industry, Carnegie developed a system known as vertical integration. This means that he cut out the middle man. Carnegie bought his own iron and coal mines because using independent companies cost too much and were inefficient. By doing this he was able to undersell his competetors because they had to pay the competitors they went through to get the raw materials. Unlike Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller integrated his oil business from top to bottom, his distinctive innovation in movement of American industry was horizontal. This meant he followed one product through all its stages. For example, rockrfeller controlled the oil when it was drilled, through the refining stage, and he maintained control over the refining process turning it into gasoline. Although these two powerful men used two different methods of management their businesses were still very successful (Conlin, 425-426). Tycoons like Andrew Carnegie, "the steel king," and John D. Rockefeller, "the oil baron," exercised their genius in devising ways to circument competition. Although, Carnegie inclined to be tough-fisted in business, he was not a monopolist and disliked monopolistic trusts. John D. Rockefeller came to dominate the oil industry. With one upward stride after another he organized the Standard Oil Company, which was the nucleus of the great trust that was formed. Rockefeller showed little mercy. He believed primitive savagery prevailed in the jungle world of business, where only the fittest survived. He persued the policy of "ruin or rule." Rockefeller's oil monopoly did turn out a superior product at a relatively cheap price. Rockefeller belived in ruthless business, Carnegie didn't, yet they both had the most successful companies in their industries. (The American Pageant, pages 515-518) Rockefeller treated his customers in the same manner that Andrew Carnegie treated his workers: cruel and harsh. The Standard Oil Company desperately wanted every possible company to buy their products. Standard Oil used ruthless tactics when Rockefeller threatenedto start his own chain of grocery stores and put local merchants out of business if they did not buy oil from Standard Oil Company. Carnegie dealt with his workers with the same cold lack of diplomacy and consideration. Carnegie would encourage an unfriendly competition between two of his workers and he goaded them into outdoing one another. Some of his employees found working under Carnegie unbearable. These rivalries became so important to the employees that somedidn't talk to each other for years (McCloskkey, page 145). Although both Carnegie and Rockefeller created extermely successsful companies, they both used unscrupulous methods in some aspect of their corporation building to get to the top. The success of the Standard Oil Company and U.S. Steel company was credited to the fact that their owners ran them with great authority. In this very competetive time period, many new businesses were being formed and it took talented businessmen to get ahead and keep the companies running and make the fortunes that were made during this period. Terra Harnish Heather Rodgers Carly Wolfensberger BIBLIOGRAPHY Conlin, Joseph R. History of the U.S.: Our Land, Our Time. pp. 425-426. 1985. Bailey, Thomas A. and David M. Kennedy: The American Pageant. pp. 515-518. 1987. Latham, Earl: John D. Rockefeller; Robber Baron Or Industrial Statesman? (Problems in American Civilization Series). pg. 39. 1949. McCloskey, Robert Green: American Conservatism In The Age Of Enterprise 1865-1910. pg. 145. 1951.

Journal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Journal - Coursework Example The difference presented by this methodology compared with other teaching styles is that topics for study are selected because they are of interest to the children and their lives. These interests are supposed to exhibit meaningful relevance to the greater benefit of children’s lives. In this education curriculum, children go to great depths and higher levels in which teachers integrate content knowledge like reading, science and mathematics into these projects. This paper aims to highlight emergent curriculum by discussing topics that appear to interest children in a given class. In emergent curriculum formulation and implementation, development appropriate projects (DAP) should always be a primary consideration when planning to embark on designing a project. This ensures that the intended activity meets the overall objectives set out by the institution of learning and addresses the children’s immediate goals of learning through their experiences in the project (Carter & Curtis 203) DAP is achieved by ensuring that the intended project does not require too little or too much of the children in that it negates their efforts in attaining knowledge from the activity. In this case, similarity or monotony presented by indoor play areas can seem to be depressing or discouraging to teachers a scenario, I was able to find myself in during my time with the children. I came to notice that the children under my care did not get bored for being in the same play environment every day; the children illustrated progressive advancement in their daily activities in th e same setting. As a teacher, I am supposed to apply my knowledge on theoretical influences behind this observation made on the children in this static environment (Carter & Curtis 92). As outlined by Carter & Curtis, As a teacher and caregiver, I am supposed to claim my power as a principle to focus my attention on

Analysis of the 6th Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Essay

Analysis of the 6th Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Environments - Essay Example Appreciating landscapes may involve purely sensory layers such as sight, sound and smell. Rely do this layers exist alone. Whenever we look at a landscape we seek out formal relationships which include conceptualizing and recognizing and adding context and background including many more. Metaphysical imagination is a concept used to explain the aspects of nature for which there are no clear concepts and exact words to use. This in essence means that landscapes reveal and conceal much more beauty than what we see, meaning it has much more to offer. The aesthetic experience of nature includes a diverse range of components from the basic ones like rocks and stones, to the bigger components which ultimately is the world as whole. This chapter aims at clarifying five principal components that deal with landscape and metaphysics namely; 1) Brings out the concept of metaphysical imagination and its relation to aesthetic experience of nature Metaphysical imagination essentially relates to ho w we interpret a scene in nature in relation to the whole world experience .It fuses present experience from landscapes and sensory components, but not mediation that a landscape arouses. Nature presents itself more for sustainability than for enjoyment. Hepburn argues that we should experience nature as it is rather than how we want to perceive it. According to him we respond to features to which nature presents. The author differentiates between human attitudes and appreciation towards art and towards appreciation of the aesthetic value of nature. Artists have a tendency of including technological advancements to their work, even the ones that deal with nature and we appreciate it. However when we interfere with nature using technology we tend to appreciate it less, compared to if less invasion of technology. He therefore argues that the way we appreciate nature is the way we should appreciate the beauty of art. 2) The author argues that philosophers sometimes undervalue metaphysi cal imagination. This he argues happens because of several reasons, one of them being the fact that they want to maintain how they engage aesthetically with nature free from expenses which lack rational support for example religious experiences, which cannot be determined and whose description fails on distinct reference. Philosophers who undervalue metaphysical imagination do not want metaphysics to be used in experiencing metaphysics. The other reason why metaphysical imagination can be undervalued is because the experiences derived from landscapes can only be eluded by the person who experienced them. He encourages recognition of the endless variety of aesthetic experiences for example if pantheists or atheist view is replaced by metaphysics view, then metaphysical ideologies such as materialism will increase. On the other hand scientific evidence should not surplus all other aesthetic appreciation of nature. Science cannot oust metaphysics. This is despite the fact that metaphys ics mainly works on speculative and incomplete evidence. Science on the other hand works with evidence; hence it ends up looking at the world selectively and therefore ends up eliminating human concerns, which form part of nature. Human perspective in appreciating of aesthetic component of nature cannot be downplayed. Science or any other method alone cannot be used to value metaphysical imagination. 3) On the other hand we tend to over value or exaggerate metaphysical

How does a firms marketing strategy impact its decisions regarding the Case Study

How does a firms marketing strategy impact its decisions regarding the appropriate manufacturing strategy - Case Study Example Without a marketing strategy, an organizations effort to attract and retain customers becomes inefficient. However, with a marketing strategy, other strategies in the firm also become operational. According to Paul Fifield (2012) is an organization’s central concept or its produce by which the approach it chooses to take to has an impact on the market. The correlation that exists between the marketing strategy and manufacturing strategy in an organization has direct relations with its success and competitive capabilities. In chapter 5 of Bowersox, Closs, Cooper and Bowersox’s article, page 107, the authors evidently indicate that the existing marketing practices serve as a foundation for the manufacturing strategy in relation to client acceptability. The relationship between the two is crucial to an organization’s competitive position. When such a relationship does not exist, the manufacturing strategy is not used as a formidable weapon of competition since it is does not form the correct alignment with the marketing strategies (Bowersox, Closs, Cooper & Bowersox, 2011). An excellent example comes from Bowersox, Closs, Cooper and Bowersox’s article where they indicate that the marketing department may only care about the features and aesthetics of a product or service, whereas the manufacturing department conc entrates on the firm’s conformity. The key aim of a manufacturing strategy in an organization is to ensure that it has a competitive advantage over its competitors using the available manufacturing capabilities or assets. However, it is fundamental to note that the competitive advantage is only defined from a firm’s standpoint on marketing. Given that there are often many conflicts that exist between the two, the strategies are always divergent. Hence, for this reason, a firm’s marketing strategy has to have a positive impact on decisions

Watson’s Caring theory (2008) for Elderly Care

Watson’s Caring theory (2008) for Elderly Care Aging is a natural part of human life. With modern technologies and medical innovations the society has been able to prolong life and thus increase the number of older adults in the society. Normal part of aging are inevitable physiological and psychological changes which need to be understood and addressed by nurses in order to provide appropriate care for older adults. Presenting patient’s description with appropriate data, I will utilize Watson’s Caring theory (2008) to assess the lower order need of activity-inactivity relative to this older adult patient cared for in the hospitalized environment. The integration of theory, research and best practice guidelines will be used to plan nursing interventions and strategies to meet the health needs of older adults in health care. Watson’s (2008) fourth caritas process of developing and sustaining a helping-trusting caring relationship will be used to describe the nursing implementations which were utilized in provi ding safe and competent care for older adult. Mr. X is 84 years old. He was admitted to the hospital on January 4, 2014 due to hematuria in his urine and a suspected Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). After the admission, he was sent for a CT scan, which confirmed Mr. X’s TIA in his right hemisphere. On January 5, 2014 Mr. X was transferred to CP1, an acute care stroke unit. His first TIA episode had been on August 28, 2012. His comorbidities include hypertension and type II diabetes. His activities are limited to bed rest as he has risk of falls; also he is on input-output with a Foley catheter. He has left side weakness and mild facial drooping on the left side. He is alert and oriented; however, he has trouble focusing on many people at one time. His care plan states bed rest, assist with bath, diabetic diet, on intake and output. The vital signs obtained on the morning of January 28, 2014 were 36.7à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °, 85, 20, 92% and B/P 136/65. Mr. X’s Foley was taken out on January 24, and he was on intermittent ca theterization every six hours. During catheterization the patient’s urine was dark amber with particles, and totalled 519 ml. The patient is on bed rest and can be lifted to sit using the Hoyer lift. Mr. X’s diet is diabetic with 1600 calories and a regular texture; he eats with 50% assistance, and usually finishes half of his entire meal. Mr. X. is a good candidate for motor recovery; however, his baseline cognitive status may affect his ability to participate in the recovery process. Mr. X scores 13/30 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which indicates moderate cognitive impairment, and 8/30 on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) which also signifies cognitive impairment. In order to be able to provide safe and competent care I had to research the diagnosis of my assigned patient. During the research the high correlation between his comorbidities and TIA was found. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a transient stroke that lasts only a few minutes, usually when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted (Touhy, Freudenberger, Ebersole, Hess, 2012, p. 354). The blood supply interruption is commonly caused by arteriosclerosis, which in Mr. X’s case is potentially caused by his present conditions of type II diabetes and high cholesterol. Type II diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin and the body does not properly use the insulin made (Canadian Diabetes Association, 2012). Mr. X is also a heavy man, which puts him into a high risk category for stroke since the excess weight destabilizes the body’s cardiovascular system. Mr. X’s Foley catheterization was due to stroke and diabete s, since them along or together as comorbidities are associated with urinary incontinence (Touhy et al., 2012, p. 141). In order to provide my patient with safe and competent care I had to maintain the patient in high Fowler’s position during breakfast and lunch to reduces his risk of aspiration and promote effective swallowing (Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall, 2014, p. 1089). I also had to check for pocketing while I assisted Mr. X with his meal to prevent aspiration. Since Mr. X is assigned on bedrest a head-to-toe skin assessment was carried out with each bed bath to assess for skin break down â€Å"particular attention should be paid to vulnerable areas, especially over bony prominences† (RNAO, 2005, p. 9). In order to prevent the development of ulcers, I repositioned patient every two hours, used pillows to protect bony prominences and heel pressure ulcer guard for extra protection of heels (RNAO, 2005, p.10). Further to ensure the skin integrity, the adult briefs were changed frequently, and the barrier cream was applied to the perennial area. After two weeks the Foley was taken out to see if the patient is able to void by himself and to allow the bladder sphincter to function on its own. The intermittent catheterization to drain residual urine was introduced in order to prevent a UTI, since the â€Å"in-dwelling urinary catheter remains in the bladder for an extended period, making the risk of infection greater than with intermittent catheterization† (Potter et al., 2014, p. 1156). As mentioned previously, on the MoCA Mr. X scored 8/30 which is just above the score of â€Å"0 to 7= severe cognitive impairment† (Touhy et al., 2012, p. 91). Likewise, on the MMSE Mr. X scored 13/30, where the score between 13 and 20 suggests moderate dementia (Touhy et al., 2014, p.92). Consequently, Mr. X is a good candidate for motor recovery; however, his cognitive impairment may affect his ability to participate. One of the lower order needs defined in Watson’s Caring theory (2008) is the activity- inactivity. As Watson’s Caring theory (2008) describes, â€Å"a person’s need for activity-inactivity is fundamental and central to one’s life, as it affects the ability to move about and interact with his or her environment and to control one’s external and internal surrounding† (p. 160). The need for activity-inactivity is strongly connected with the life satisfaction, since the restricted activity puts one into high dependence of the caregiver. While providing care for patients who are limited with ambulation it is necessary for the nurse to remember to preserve patients’ dignity, enabling, and encourage them to perform necessary everyday living activities by themselves. Other psychological factors such as routine repetitiveness while patient is on the bedrest, may result in a functional loss of degree of mental status which may interfere with abi lity to perform and accomplish daily living activities (Gillis MacDonald, 2005, p.17). Mr. X low score on MoCa and MMSE may be a result of prolonged bedrest in which case the mental stimulation is needed to exercise the brain and break through the everyday routine. The possible nursing intervention for mental stimulation would be Snoezelen room, where the patient is exposed to different stimuli such as sounds, lights and colors, music and touch. The Snoezelen room has a potential to improve concentration, attention, mood and provide a necessary stimulation to the central nervous system to preserve balance (Van Weert et al., 2006, p. 658). The other very important factor of activity-inactivity need is the physical factor of muscle atrophy and deconditioning. According to Gillis and MacDonald (2005), â€Å"deconditioning is a complex process of physiological change following a period of inactivity, bedrest or sedentary lifestyle† (p.16). The process of deconditioning affects t he musculoskeletal system, decreasing the muscle strength, leaving the person frail and unable to ambulate on their own. Normal musculoskeletal system changes for older adults include changes such as total muscle mass decrease, increase rigidity of joints, and loss of strength (Touhy et al., 2012, p.76). Even though these changes are not life threatening, they have a potential complication of falls for frail older adults whose health has been compromised to the point where they have to be admitted to the hospital. In order to avoid any further disturbance of the organism and prevent injuries, patients such as Mr. X are placed on the bedrest. According to Kuromoto (1989), â€Å"bedridden or inactive patients require range of motion exercises to maintain joint mobility and muscle flexibility and to minimize contractures that prevent recovery and make care more difficult† (p.283). Therefore, recognizing extensive need of activity-inactivity, I incorporated the range of motion ex ercises into Mr. X’s daily routine. The second nursing intervention for physical activity was the resistance training with elastic band. According to Topp et al. (2003), â€Å"elastic bands exercise [†¦] was designed to improve upper and lower body strength† (p. 155). The third nursing intervention to promote physical activity was the hip-flexion and keen extension exercises while in the wheelchair, both of which are both recommended for older adults in order to increase strength and balance (Topp et al., 2003, p. 157). For additional nursing intervention I encouraged Mr. X to dress by himself, brush his teeth and eat on his own, all these activities helped Mr. X gain confidence in his performance, exercise his muscles on the regular basis. All of the physical exercises where targeted toward muscle strength increase, upon building confidence in strength I would encourage Mr. X to get up of the wheelchair for standing in order to gain balance. If all the interventi ons are successful, further activities would include aerobic walking to improve lower body strength, pedal exercise for muscle strengthening and blood circulation improvement (Grando et al., 2009, p. 13). The advantage of exercise according to Straub, Murphy, and Rosenblum (2008), â€Å"include reduced risk for cardiovascular mortality, improved blood pressure control, better glucose control in those with diabetes, and improved psychological well-being and physical functioning† (p. 470). Body is a multifunctional system where decrease in activity result in multidimensional deteriorations. According to Watson’s Caring theory (2008), â€Å"activity and meaningful work and service through activity bring satisfactory and purposive meaning to life† (p.160). The prolonged bedrest increases the necessity to satisfy the lower order need to activity-inactivity in order to increase patient’s satisfaction with quality of life and potentially reduce the hospital stay . One of Watson’s caritas process (2008) is, â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping-trusting caring relationship† (p.71). Caritas nurse needs to remember that the patient is not just a body that needs to be treated, is it also human-being whose needs go beyond physiological, thus holistic treatment is necessary to addresses physiological as well as psychological needs. Only through this view it is possible to create a â€Å"caring moment†, where nurse and client would develop a meaningful, trusting relationship in order to reach optimal health (Watson, 2008, p. 71). While providing care for the patient I was always engaged into active listening, through which I was able to learn about Mr. X’s past, his favourite activities and the food preference. I learned that Mr. X was active, which helped me understand better the extensive need for activity which Mr. X did not get enough. Using this knowledge I modified and incorporated more physical activities into h is daily routine. I was trying to provide care for the patient at the most comfortable time â€Å"enter into the experience to explore the possibilities in the moment† (Watson, 2008, p.74). One of the Mr. X’s nights was restless and he preferred to rest throughout the morning, I recognized his need and postponed the physical exercise and bed bath until later. I encouraged Mr. X to communicate his expectations of healing process, recognizing client-centered relationship where the patient is actively including into care (CNO, 2009, p.6). Helping-trusting relationship was demonstrated through the non-judgmental attitude, sensitivity and openness. Mr. X disclosed that even though he enjoyed physical activities, his lifestyle was not all healthy; he enjoyed unhealthy foods which contributed to the development of type II diabetes, and after found it hard to follow the diabetic diet. My response to Mr. X was to engage him into teaching of importance to adhere to the diabetic diet, have the consultation with dietician, and referral to the community resources of Canadian Diabetes Association. In order to provide Mr. X with competent care, I needed to gain his trust, which I was able to achieve by preserving Mr. X’s dignity while providing bed bath, allowing him to do as much care as it is possible, exposing only parts of the body that I was working with while washing. In order to be a Caritas nurse, I provided authentic care for Mr. X. by being present in the moment and caring beyond physical needs. Recognizing emotional part of helping-trusting caring relationship, encouraging patient into communication, plan of care development and decision making, I was able to establish and authentic caring relationship, where patient and I where equal participants in establishing healing environment. In order to be able to care for older adult nurses need to understand the special needs associated with aging, the comorbidities of their patient and how they are interrelated. Extensive research of patient’s history will enable the nurse to provide safe and competent care. Utilizing Watson’s Caring Theory (2008) and the lower-order needs into plan of care development will help prioritize care in order to assist individual with maximize life satisfaction. Recognizing oneself as the Caritas nurse and utilizing Watson’s caritas processes will help develop authentic caring relationship with your client to promote holistic healing and overall well-being. References: College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2009). Practice Guideline: Therapeutic Nurse Client Relationship, Revised 2006. Retrieved from http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41033_Therapeutic.pdf Gillis, A., MacDonald, B. (2005). Deconditioning in the hospitalized elderly. The Canadian Nurse, 101(6), 16-20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/232082245?accountid=14694 Grando, V.T., Buckwalter, K.C, Maas, M.L, Brown, M., Rantz, M. J., Conn, V.S. (2009). A trial of a comprehensive nursing rehabilitation program for nursing home residents post-hospitalization. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 2(1), 12-19. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/194680830?accountid=14694 Kuramoto, A. (1998). Passive range of motion. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 29(6), 283. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/223326722?accountid=14694 Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2014). Canadian fundamentals of nursing (J.C. Ross-Kerr M.J. Wood (Eds.) (8th ed.). Toronto: Mosby Inc. Retrieved from http://evolve.elsevier.com/staticPages/i_index.html Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2005). Best practice guideline (BPG): Nursing Best Practice Guideline Risk Assessment Prevention of Pressure Ulcers. Retrieved from http://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/Risk_Assessment_and_Prevention_of_Pressure_Ulcers.pdf Straub, C. K., Murphy, S. O., Rosenblum, R. (2008). Exercise in the management of fatigue in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 35(5), 469-75. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/216532425?accountid=14694 Topp, R., Sobolewski, J., Boardley, D., Morgan, A. L., Fahlman, M., McNevin, N. (2003). Rehabilitation of a functionally limited, chronically ill older adult: A case study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 28(5), 154-158. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/218288022?accountid=14694 Touhy, T.A., Freudenberger J.K., Ebersole, P., Hess, P.A. (2012). Ebersole Hess toward healthy aging: human needs nursing response. Toronto: Mosby Inc. Retrieved from http://evolve.elsevier.com/staticPages/i_index.html Van Weert, J.C., Janssesn, B.M., Van Dulmen, A.M., Spreeuwenberg, P. M., Bensing, J.M., Ribbe, M.W. (2006). Nursing assistants behavior during morning care: Effects of the implementation of Snoezelen, integrated in 24-hour dementia care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(6), 656-668. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/docview/232496456?accountid=14694 Watson, J. (2008). Nursing. The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Revised Updated Edition. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.

Marketing plan Essay

It is a management process through which an organisation provides its goods or services to its customers. Through marketing the organisation try to deliver and value customer, and managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organisation and its shareholders. Marketing also includes identification, selection and development of a product, determining the price of the product, selection of a distribution channel to reach the target customers, and development and implementation of a promotional strategy. Marketing is all about to meets the needs of the customers and satisfy the needs of the customers. WHAT IS MARKET RESEARCH? It is the systematic gathering, recording and analysis of data about issues relating to marketing products and services. It can inform businesses’ decisions by helping the business to understand the changing dynamics of its market. It involves finding out more about customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment. Market research also allows a company to discover who their target market is and what these consumers think about a product or service before it comes available to the public. Market research may be conducted by the company itself or by a third party company that specializes in market research. Test subjects are usually compensated with product samples and/or paid a small income for their time. There are two types of research: primary research: The research is original to the organisation conducting the research (they collected the data) Secondary research : The research came  from another source (the data had already been gathered e.g. Market research reports, trade journals, customer service records) Within these categories information can be either internal (from inside the organisation) or external (from another organisation or source outside of the organisation). The research can be qualitative and quantitative or include elements of both. Well planned market research often involves a combination as they can reveal different things about the same market. Qualitative research: qualitative research involves finding out opinions, attitudes and feelings. Often more useful than quantitative data but is more difficult to collect and analyse. Methods of collecting qualitative data include focus groups and in depth interviews. Quantitative research: quantitative market research involves finding numerical data. Quantitative data is generally collected from large samples and is easy to analyse. Methods of collecting quantitative data include written and online questionnaire. This kind of research is used to find out how customers perceive an organisations or brand, understand how changes in price, or other variables, might affect consumer spending decisions and investigate customer preferences, interests, aspiration and other variables. MARKET PLANNING It is a business document written for the purpose of describing the present market position of a business and its marketing strategy for the period covered by the business. Marketing plans usually have a life time of one to five years. The objective of market plan is to show the steps that will be undertaken by the business to achieve its objectives. The elements used in the market planning: Description of products or service, including special features. Marketing budget, including the advertising promotional plan. Description of the business location, including advantages and disadvantages. Pricing strategy. Market segmentation. The business uses different market planning tools to do market research such as: PESTLE audit SWOT analysis SMART objectives Strategy and tactics Evaluating effectives of marketing activity Now I am discussing about how Marks and Spencer uses market research and market planning tools to contribute to their development plans. PESTLE ANALYSIS Political These factors are usually beyond the control of the organisation. However, the business needs to anticipate changes and identify the action it needs to take either make the most of an opportunity or mitigate a threat. When Marks and spencer is considered they do have political influence such as government sets regulations for them regarding health and safety. British standards such as, planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. If the companies do not abide by these regulations they will be fined or even in some cases be forced to close down. Marks and Spencer did not abide by the British standards as they were charged for neglecting health and safety regulations after a door fell on an employee. The warehouse door was left hanging on loose fixtures. Marks and Spencer are supposed to have ignored repair requests, allowing the door to fall into disrepair. Marks and Spencer pled not guilty to this; there is still no outcome of this trial. Also according to BBC news 30th January 2006 Marks and Spencer would be the major retailer to go down the fair trade route on  both clothing and food. The fair trade policy, which they have launched will include, cut salt and fat in Marks and Spencer foods, recycled packaging and animal welfare protection. Marks and Spencer Chief Stuart Rose stated, â€Å"Customers want good value, but they care more than ever how food and clothing products are made.† Economic These factors can affect the performance of a business. Especially when national/international economy goes through periods of prosperity and recession. Currently the economic outlook is very uncertain and this is more than likely to affect retail sales, as people do not have the spare cash to spend on luxury items such as clothing and food luxuries. Marks and Spencer have been hit by this and have recently closed a number of stores and have to make job cuts of 2% of their 70000 staff. And also to show what affect the recession has had, they took the decision to have two days of 20% discounts in the run up to Christmas. They have also introduced a 20% of all wine and champagne to keep up with their competitors. Customers are happy to buy the products from Marks and Spencer but due to the current economic situation they do not spend much on shopping. Social These factors relate to the values and beliefs of society. This provides useful information for businesses targeting their services at broad segments of the population, such as newspapers and magazines. In the past few years the society has changed. The culture and the expectation of the customers have changed. In 2006 Marks and Spencer chief executive Stuart Rose wanted to stretch the company brand, for example he considered selling food online as part of a plan to become a multi-channel retailer to keep up with its competitors. Also in response to cheap clothing industry super markets have increasingly over the last few years caught up with fashion trends, helping them to challenging the high street clothing stores with their less expensive  versions. Marks and Spencer is no exception to this and they have bought their clothing ranges up to date to keep up with their customers interested. Consumer purchases are influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. Most of the factors cannot be controlled by the marketers but they have to be taken into account by the marketers. Technological This development can affect the business in range of ways. It is one of the important aspects in the retail market. The brands of the company have to be managed carefully by the relevant managers of that company. The large companies have to be continuously being considered about their branding as it is a method they communicate with the customers and it’s way of advertising. They need to use their initiatives and new technologies to set themselves a standard among the public. For Marks and Spencer continuously to communicate with their customers they need to be heavily advertising. They have celebrity icon Myleen class as the face of Marks and Spencer who appears on the adverts on the TV and she is also on their website modelling the Marks and Spencer clothing also other girls include Twiggy, Erin o’ Connor, and Noemie Lenoir too, so their adverts appeal to women not only in their 20’s but also to the more mature lady so they are covering all areas with their advertising campaign. Legal These are the laws that the companies need adhere to. There are lots of law that different companies need to abide by. Legislation keeps on changing throughout the year. Marks and Spencer carry out retraining and update every year, they keep up to date with new laws or regulations, and with issues regarding health and safety they also ensure that their legal protection is updated. An example of legislation is the Fair packaging and Labelling Act (1996) provided for the regulation of packaging and labelling of consumer goods. Requires that manufacturers state what the package contains, who made it, and how much it contains. In Marks and Spencer website they show that they adhere to this legislation. â€Å"Packaging helps to protect the product between being produced and uses by the customer. It prevents product wastage, carries important instructions and information on ingredients and helps the product look its best in the store.† Data protection Act 1998 and Freedom of Protection Act 2000 these are the Acts to protect the rights of the customers. Since Marks and Spencer collects the information about the customers for delivery purpose customers wants to ensure that they keep their data safe. Environmental Environmental factors can relate to the social, political and legal aspects affecting a business. The government may put pressure on businesses to increase the amount of recycling. All companies, industries and organisations are being pressured to change their ways when it comes to the materials they use and how they manufacture. Marks and Spencer have established their own Green policy which they call plan A the chief executive of Marks and Spencer has today announced a 100 point five year plan to re-engineer itself to become a carbon neutral, zero waste to landfill, ethical trading, and sustainable sourcing health promoting business. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal to the business. Opportunities and threats are external elements present in the environment in which the organisation operates. Carrying out a SWOT means researching the organisation’s current and future position. It’s a way of getting information which provides the basis for developing marketing objectives or aims and ultimately strategies or plans. Strengths Strengths are the advantages for a company to run efficiently. For a company to run efficiently they need to keep up their strengths. The strengths of Marks and Spencer is that their high quality which have attracted all the customers. The customer service of Marks and Spencer is their biggest strength as their main objective apart from making profit is customer based trading. The shopping environment is strength for Marks and Spencer. The shopping environment is much more flexible and convenient to the customers. They have made their stores brighter, and use modern designing techniques in their stores to make it more attractive. The management training of Marks and Spencer is excellent. Every manager has the responsibility to do their duty and to ensure that they give the best service to the customer. Weaknesses Weaknesses are the draw backs of the company. The weaknesses have to be improved with time. The price is one the weakness of Marks and Spencer. Customers prefer to buy cheap clothes rather than expensive due to the current economic situation of the country. Lack of clothing is also another weakness. When Marks and Spencer is considered they have a variety of clothing market.in fact especially ladies outwear is outmoded design and cut. In addition, comfortable younger consumers prefer purchasing brand labels, such as Next, Debenhams, and Topshop etc. Opportunities Marks and Spencer has many opportunities to expand their business. One of the opportunities of Marks and Spencer is the use of technology. In the modern world the technology has developed fast. It increases the demand for the online products. Customers are happy about adapting themselves towards the e-shopping of Marks and Spencer. The other opportunities of Marks and Spencer are that extending their market and also healthy eating. Healthy eating would catch the attention of the people as they want to make sure that the food they eat is healthy and the demand for the specific food will  increase. People want quality foods and they also want variety of foods. Introducing variety of foods would increase the sales of Marks and Spencer. Threats Although Marks and Spencer is a successful company it still has to face threats. The main threats is that their competitors. The other companies like Debenhams and Next. Changing social environment is also a threat if the environment is changed the needs of the people will also be changed. Therefore Marks and Spencer needs to change the needs of the people will also be changed. Therefore Marks and Spencer needs to change themselves according to the needs of the people. SMART OBJECTIVES All businesses set objectives, at a variety of levels. All these objectives should follow SMART objectives. Specific It is the specific aim of the company. The specific aim of Marks and Spencer is to expand their stores and to become a multi-channel retailer. They want to expand their business internationally more over their main focus is to expand in UK. Measurable It is setting objectives that believe that can be measured so that they can decide whether the objective has been achieved. They wanted to expand the business as they have thought they have expanded various food stores throughout the UK. They have expanded their stores and have been famous among the people. Achievable The objectives that are set by Marks and Spencer should be able to achievable. The objectives of Marks and Spencer are an achievable target. As they thought they were able to achieve their target. They were able to expand their business. They wanted to introduce more variety in their food products as they have said they have achieved their target. They have introduced variety in their food products in their food stores. Realistic The targets that are set should be realistic. They should be achievable. Marks and Spencer have to set targets which are based on their competitors. The targets also have to be able to manage the resources and the market. Time related The targets that are set should be realistic. They should be achievable. Marks and Spencer announced in November 2010 that they wanted to expand the business in 5 years’ time frame. As they have planned they have achieved most of their target within two years’ time. STRATEGY AND TACTICS The strategic planning of Marks and Spencer is what made them to be famous among the other company. The strategic plan was set on November 2010. It was a 5 year plan in which they have achieved most of it. As part of their strategic planning they want to put the right team to work together, they have changed their capital structure. They also want to expand their food stores throughout UK. Their main focus is UK and they want to become a multi-channel retailer. They also improved on their product therefore which enables them to stand for years. In conclusion Marks and Spencer is a successful company. Their different market plans and their research have enabled them to achieve their targets. The market research done by the Marks and Spencer has contributed to the development of its marketing plans. In macro environment Marks and Spencer follows the government policies and protects and protects the natural environment. Moreover, Marks and Spencer is influenced by the factors of economic, social and technological to set their business strategies. On the hand, in micro environment the Marks and Spencer have a good long term relationship with their suppliers and their customers. The significant strategies of Marks and Spencer are creating potential customers and maintaining the existing customers. Overall the analysis of Marks and spencer has found that its business structure follow the trend society. This easy writing has made me to know the strategic planning of Marks and Spencer which has enabled them to stand for long. P4: Use marketing research for marketing planning. INTRODUCTION 200 customers were surveyed of a local fresh sandwich bar to find out about the current range of sandwiches on offer and the standard of service. The findings include: 75% want more children’s sandwiches 82% want the shop to open longer 65% said that the staff were unfriendly 50% said that the contents of the sandwiches should be fresher 80% said that they would prefer more wraps 75% want more children’s sandwiches From the survey it could be analysed that most of the customers prefer children’s sandwiches. 150 customers out of 200 like children’s sandwiches. It also could be assumed that the children’s sandwich is more preferred due to the characteristics of the sandwich. The target of the product is mainly at small children therefore they could make the sandwich more colourful and attractive. Nicely packing the sandwich and including a toy with the sandwich also increase their sales. Providing a meal pack also would  increase more customers. One of the other important things that have to be considered is the taste of the sandwich. The children’s sandwich should be milder than the adult’s sandwich. The milder choice is because the children do not prefer spicy food. The sandwich could be improved by making it more colourful and providing a meal would also improve their sales during seasonal times. Providing offers for the meal also would improve the sales. SMART Objective: Producing more different shaped and colourful children’s sandwich by 10% in next two months 82% want the shop to be open longer It could be analysed that the majority of the people wants the shop to be open longer. 164 people out of 200 want the shop to be open longer. If the shop is open longer during Saturdays and Sundays it is more likely that the customers come to the shop. In the fast moving world people spend most of their night times by visiting various places, going for shopping therefore if the shop is open longer customers who shops late nights would go to shop. Changing the interior designs of the shop for different seasons makes it more attractive to the customers. It would help them to create a more customer base for the sandwich bar. Opening the shop longer during the weekend and during the special season would benefit the bar more. Most people are free during the week ends than weekdays so opening the shops longer will bring them more profit. And also in the night they would prefer to buy food from shops than cooking at home. If they did home delivery and opened the shop for long they would get more orders. By keeping his store open longer than other stores in the area he can potentially gain more customers from other store and perhaps find new customers who use his store nearer to closing time. SMART: Increase the opening hours of the shop till 10pm in the night from next two months. 65% said that the staff were unfriendly It could be seen that most of the staff working are unfriendly. It is important that staff are friendly to the customers. If they treat the customers well only they would like to come to the bar. The customers are satisfied and would feel happy and they would prefer to go to the bar for the good service provided by the staff. They could raise morale to staff by staff recognition scheme. The staff may be given different shifts or rotating jobs for staff therefore they do not get bored. They could also give good training to the staff about how to deal with the customers. The work could be shared between the staff to reduce the stress. They can also recruit new staff by replacing new staff with high quality and of much potential. SMART: providing training or recruiting all the staff by 10% in next three months. 50% said that the contents of the sandwiches should be fresher In the fast moving world people prefer healthy and fresh foods. The bar could introduce new fresh foods like salads. They can ask their suppliers to supply the necessary materials every day in the morning. They can keep the sandwich fresh by covering it with a foil paper. Keeping the sandwich in coolers will make the sandwich fresh. Preparing the sandwich on the spot will keep the food products fresher than already made sandwich. People would be happier to buy fresh products. Including salads and vegetables to the sandwich will make the sandwich more a healthy food and it would provide calories to the people. They could also have more employees to serve the customers so that the sandwich is served freshly and on time. SMART: Supplying healthy and fresh sandwiches to the customers by 10% in two weeks’ time. 80% said they would prefer more wraps In the modern world people are exposed to variety of food choices. They are not only exposed to the home food but they have choices of food from all around the world. Therefore they are very specific in what they want. Therefore for the bar to improve on their business they could introduce wraps. They could introduce chicken wraps and vegetable wraps. When supplying vegetable wraps they should supply it with fresh ingredients. They can include salads, onions, tomatoes and etc. The wraps could be on the spot by the staff and served to the customers. The bar could offer meals to the customers. SMART: Introducing 3 different varieties of wraps in one month time by 5%. Overall customers are happy about the sandwich bar. They are quite satisfied with the products offered by the sandwich bar. This market research finding helps them to know their target market and to set their market strategy and also to develop their market plan. From the basis of the research we can do a SWOT analysis for the bar. This would help them to know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths of the bar are their product they are making for the children. The children sandwich is their main strength. 200 customers is a large amount of customers which shows they do have a strong customer base. The weaknesses of the bar are that the staff were unfriendly to the customers. The customers also want fresh supply for foods. If they could improve on them they would succeed in their business. The opportunities of the bar are that widening the choice of food products to the customers. more children’s sandwiches will bring more customers in with young children is an opportunity for them to make more profit. Making more wraps so that there is a larger selection of food available in store bringing more customers through the door therefore increasing sales and profit. The threats the bar could have is that their competitors. The competitors might overtake them if they do not provide good service to the customers. Any new shops that are opening can be a potential threat and steal customers from his store because they may give better service, products or their prices may be lower. Supermarkets around the shops are also a threat to the  bar because they sell sandwiches at lower price than the sandwich bar. Overall, from the outcome of the research it can be seen that the people are quiet happy and satisfied with the products and services offered by the restaurants. The bar could also set SMART objectives as part of their market plan to improve on their sales and profit. Overall this easy writing has helped me to learn how a research could help to develop their market plan and how they could improve on them.

War photographer and war photograph

In the poems ‘war photographer’ and ‘war photograph’ the audience are presented with two poems which express the feelings of the authors towards war. I will be comparing these two poems to find the differences between the narrators feelings. Kate Daniels poem is told through the voice of an American citizen looking in a magazine at a war photograph. Whereas, Carol Ann-Duffy’s poem is about a war photographer developing the photos, that he took previously, in a darkroom. In the poem ‘war photograph’, we get the impression that the poem is narrated by a woman. We see this because the narrator shows compassion and is more sympathetic. We’re feeling sorry for her’. Women usually show more compassion and sympathy than men, and we know that the author is female, so it is more of a direct viewpoint. She is displaying her views and compassion through the character. However, in the poem ‘War photographer’, we know that a man is narrating it as it refers to a ‘he’; ‘In his dark room, he is finally alone’. In ‘War photograph’ she feels detached from the child as she keeps referring to the distance between them, she feels helpless for the child. She is also appalled at the war as it is killing so many innocent people ‘being appalled at the war’. The war photographer is also appalled at the war, as he has to see the horrific sights everyday; ‘he remembers the cries of this man’s wife. ’ He is scarred by the things he has seen. We are told ‘he is finally alone’ as if he has been running away from something and now he is happy to be away from the war. ‘Solutions stop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then, though seem to now’, this tells us that he did not have the full effect of his surroundings and the horror of it all, but now that he is alone and the photos are slowly developing, he can take it in, and really look at what was there and how terrible it was. This is different to war photograph, as in that poem, the woman can only imagine the horror that’s there. She only knows what’s in the picture and doesn’t have the memories and stay behind getting the picture which has more of an impact. As it isn’t her country or people she’s knows fighting, she has no personal involvement in the war and is merely just an observer, like her character. Both poems describe our lack of care and compassion for the people suffering in the war and the horrific state some of them are in. However, in ‘war photograph’ it describes in detail how she feels and gives an emotional response. In war photographer, Kate Daniels uses lots of language devices and effects, such as oxymoron’s, rhetorical questions and repetition. She repeats the word ‘running’ throughout to add emphasis on the fact that she is running away from the destruction and devastation around her. ‘She is running from the smoke’ ‘She is also running from the Gods’ ‘She is running – my God – to us’. It resembles her desperate attempt to run away from the bombs going off behind her. She uses rhetorical questions ‘how can she know what we really are? ’ She uses ‘what’ instead of ‘who’ as we look like war hungry soldiers, the Americans are responsible for this picture. We seem not human. Rhetorical questions also make us think more and reflect on what we have done. It engages the reader. In War Photographer Duffy uses repetition in her poem on the words ‘he’ and ‘his’. The photographer doesn’t have a name and the use of these words makes us feel more detached from him as we don’t know his name and we don’t feel familiar with him. We are given the feeling of detachment in the poem ‘war photograph’ by using imagery ’10,000 miles away’ ‘In another world’ ‘on another Continent’. She is far away and we feel helpless. Kate Daniels makes us look past the picture. ‘She keeps on running, you know, after the shutter of the camera clicks’. She is telling us that everything doesn’t just become better after the photo has been taken, the girl is still homeless and running for help. Imagery is used in the poem, ‘naked child’. We get the image of a naked child, which shows vulnerability and the fact that it is a child makes us feel sorrier for her, as she can’t look after herself. ‘A naked child is running’; because she is running, we know she is scared of something, which makes us even more pitiful towards her. ‘She is also running from the God’s’ this is extraordinary as God is seen as someone to turn to for help, not to run away from, God is never on the losing side. ‘the God’s who have changed the sky to fire’. We realise that there is lots of destruction and fire around, it makes us imagine that the sky is orange with fire. As she says ‘God’s’ she must not be a Christian, as Christians only believe in one God. Imagery is used in ‘war photographer’ by using metaphors ‘A strangers features faintly start to twist before his eyes, a half formed ghost. ’ He uses this metaphor to describe the pictures being formed, it makes us see it more vividly and feel as if we’re there. ‘Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands’, this if course is talking about the developing liquid in the tray, however, solutions has two meanings and this could suggest the solution of the war, which of course, he doesn’t have. In black-and-white’ is suggests the pictures are in monochrome, but it could also mean the comparison of good and evil from both sides of the war, this is allegory. ‘All flesh is grass’, we think of grass as fresh and bright, this juxtaposes the flesh that he compares it to. Flesh is rotting and means death and devastation , whereas grass is alive. It covers the Earth, meaning that if flesh is grass then flesh must be covering the Earth under his feet. Alliteration is used in ‘war photographer’, for examples; repetition of the letter ‘s’ – ‘she . . . smoke . . . soldiers . . . sister’. The repeating of the letter ‘s’ makes it seem harsh as it’s a harsh letter to pronounce, this resembles the harsh effects of the war. This technique is also used in ‘war photographer’ ‘Something is happening. A strangers features faintly start to twist before his eyes. ’ Repetition of the letter ‘s’ makes it seem harsh and negative, just like the war. ‘Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ This is tripling and alliteration. He says the cities in a blase way, it is just another city he’s seen and he doesn’t care about them , he just says them like the clicker of his camera – fast and sharp. This is intertextuality as it refers to something known, Duffy tries to bring alive the thought of war which makes it more tangible and easier to relate to. As war photographer is written by a woman, the poem is more sympathetic. ‘We’re feeling sorry for her’, as the character in the poem, we are guessing, is also a woman, she can give direct opinions on the war. The poem ‘war photographer’ starts off with the line ‘In his darkroom, he is finally alone’. This tells us straight away that he wanted to be alone, he must want to get away from something. The key word here is finally as it depicts the fact that he has been waiting to be alone for a while. This also shows that he has no emotional attachment to where he has come from, and as though he didn’t want to help the people suffering in the war, just to get back to the peace and quiet of his studio. He states the places that he has been to in a blase way that also makes it seem as though he has no emotional attachment to the places but just tells them as if they mean nothing ‘Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ He states them with full stops between them, so you say them quicker, but you have to pause in between each city. These short sentences also juxtapose the long sentence that was used before, ‘The only light is red and softly glows, as though this were a church and he a priest preparing to intone a mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ She does this to emphasise how blase the cities are, as she has put no affection into describing the cities. ‘All flesh is grass. ’ This short sentence tells us about the horror that there is flesh pummelled into the Earth and how gory the settings are around him. Grass is usually so fresh, clean and full of life, yet it juxtaposes with the rotting, bloody flesh that surrounds him. He says it shortly, with no description of what effect that had on him, or any distress it may have caused. It seems like the horrible things he has seen have no impact on him, or they do, but as he is a man he does not want to sound ‘soppy’ or ‘soft’. The fact that it says ‘He has a job to do’ backs up the fact that the surroundings don’t have an impact on him and he only gets the picture and leaves, he doesn’t get any feelings towards these people, he just wants the money. He describes that he must do the job whether he likes it or not, ‘to do what someone must’. This gives the impression that he realises he cannot get emotionally attached as it is only a job and he needs to do it on a daily basis. He doesn’t particularly want to do the job, but he has to, as many people don’t want to do it. ‘The readers eyeballs prick with tears between bath and pre-lunch beers’ this shows that the author is trying to get out a point of view that even though it may affect you for a little bit, unless you were the one of the people who actually got injured in the war, or lost somebody close to you because of it, you won’t be affected by the war. In the poem ‘war photograph’, the author seems to try and get the message across that no matter how far away from the war you are, it will always have an impact on you. She describes this well as the poem about the effect a photograph has on a woman, the woman being herself. ‘All over the country we’re feeling sorry for her and being appalled at the war’. This line is similar to Carol Ann Duffy’s line about the reader’s eyeballs pricking with tears. Kate Daniels relates the poem to us using ‘we’re’; this makes us feel as though we are more involved in the poem. Its describing how we are affected even though we are no way near the war zone, and probably don’t know the people involved in it either. Daniels feels sorry for the girl and realises how terrible we are to let this happen in the first place ‘How can she know what we really are? ’ She is so horrified at us that she says ‘what’ instead of ‘who’, as if we are some war hungry monsters. She thinks that we should be ashamed of ourselves for letting this happen. ‘From the distance, we look so terribly human’. Carol Ann Duffy clearly feels something in common with the subject of war. She uses her own opinions and experiences through the character to explain her views of how us British people just sit and look at the pictures but don’t know the reality of the situation. She judges the photographer as both a priest and a journalist. She uses a simile which compares him to a priest, this shows us how seriously he takes his job and also how he stands up for those who cannot help themselves. She describes his studio to resemble a church with a dim red light, which could resemble a lantern, which most churches have. The image is also suitable as he tries to get the message across how fragile life is. She has a passion for the war and feels that we do not think about the suffering enough. The reader’s response to the pictures in the paper, do not affect the people in the war, however, the sufferers of the war still let him take pictures to show other countries what is happening to them. We only get affected for a little while, but soon enough, we have forgotten about the tragedies out there. Kate Daniels tries to get the message across to us that no matter how far away from the war you are, there is always some way you will get attached. She makes reference throughout the poem on how detached she is from the war, but she still describes the impact it has on her. She gets her feelings across directly through the character in the poem as they are both female so she can get her opinions through. The picture has a lasting impression on her, we know this because she thinks to herself about the picture and asks rhetorical questions ‘how can she know what we really are? ’. A modern audience reading ‘war photographer’ would feel sorry for the war victims as we just do not know the reality of the situation they are in, but as in the poem suggests, we will have forgotten about it soon enough. A modern audience reading ‘war photograph’ would also feel sorry for the war victims. We feel especially sorry for the little girl in the poem as she is young and helpless. Daniels describes this picture as it shows a vulnerable and feeble young girl, which we feel more sympathetic towards. She does this to get the message across of how bad the war is that it is harming young children that aren’t even taking part in the war. Both poems try to show us the horror of the war and how it should have an impact on you. In ‘war photographer’ she describes how we will just forget about it and care about other things instead, whereas in ‘war photograph’ she describes how it will have a lasting impression on you. In both poems, the authors get their opinions across through their character, which gives a more honest opinion. We know that no matter how far we are away from the war, it will always have an effect on us, whether or not it is temporary or permanent.